Home automation is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of technologies to improve the quality of life at home. It came to investigate, find tools and strategies for: •
improve the quality of life;
• improve safety;
• save energy •
simplify the design, installation, maintenance and use of technology;
• reduce operating costs;
• convert the old environment and old installations.
Home automation plays an important role in making intelligent equipment, facilities and systems. For example, an intelligent system can self-regulate the electric power appliances not to exceed the threshold that would trigger the counter.
With "smart home" refers to a home environment - properly designed and technologically equipped - which provides users with facilities that go beyond the "traditional", where equipment and systems are capable of performing functions partially autonomous or planned by 'user.
The intelligent home can be controlled by the user through appropriate user interfaces (such as buttons, remote control, touch screen, keyboard, voice recognition), who make contact (to send commands and receive information) with the intelligent control system based on computerized central unit or on a system of distributed intelligence. The various components of the system are connected to each other and with the control system via various types of interconnection (such as local area network, carrier waves, radio waves, dedicated bus, etc.)..
The central control system, or all the devices in a distributed intelligence system, shall carry out the commands given by the user (eg light switch or open the kitchen shutter room), to continuously monitor the environmental parameters (such as flooding or the presence of gas), to independently manage some settings (eg temperature) and to generate any reports to the user or remote support services. Automation systems are usually arranged so that whenever a command is pressed, it reaches the user communication through a visual warning / confirmation of payment (such as colored LEDs in the switches, changes in the graphic touch screen) or, in cases of systems for the disabled with other types of signal (eg sound).
A home automation system is completed, usually through one or more systems to communicate with the outside world (eg pre-recorded phone messages, text messages, automatic generation of web pages or e-mail) to allow the control and status display also remotely. Communication systems of this type, called gateways or residential gateways perform the function of advanced router, enable the connection across your home network to the outside world, and hence the networks in the public domain.
function example of an intelligent lighting system: firing multiple automatic lights also by the onset of conditions specific scenarios (eg there are guests, we give a party, I see a DVD), self-ignition in patterns copied from the reality of lights after the automatic recognition of a prolonged absence; centralization of sleep or power off the lights when the system recognizes the lack of users, management is completely autonomous and automatic lighting.
function example of an electrical system intelligent
• Coordination autonomous functioning of electrical appliances;
• Reduction of magnetic fields in the rooms where there are users
• Isolation and automatic protection in case of temporal
• Always complete islands techniques (eg group TV decoder, VCR, etc..) operated or automatically at night or when nobody is home.
function example of an intelligent air-conditioning:
• automatic operation based on the recognition of the presence of people;
• adjusting work at the rate of humidity
• automatic shutdown of the heater under a window open;
• autoprogramming pre-conditioning (eg, warm in winter) based on the recognition of "uses and customs" of users.
function example of a security installation intelligent
• Detection of events such as gas leaks, floods and fires;
• Connect to remote services (ambulance and supervision);
• Monitoring remote environments with cameras; Interaction
• TV, telephone, video equipment and cameras.
function example of an intelligent home automation system:
• Closing or opening independently of the tents outside (the sun is open, the wind is close);
• Closure or opened independently of the blinds (shutters, blinds, etc..) coordination with the automation and ventilation according to parameters of aircraft lighting dictated by law and coordination with the lighting scenarios (the projector aziono, automation obscures room, the lighting turns on the lights dim).
technology solutions that can be taken for the construction of a home automation system are characterized by peculiarities of their use of household items:
• Simplicity: the home automation system is directed to a wide audience and not professional, so it must be simple to be used in a manner natural, unique and universally recognized by a user friendly interface, it must also be safe and not dangerous for those who do not know or understands the potential.
• Continues to work: the system must be constructed may think we should offer a continuous service and therefore virtually immune to failure or easy to repair even for untrained personnel or in the case, require a short time to resume use .
• Reliability: the system always works, without requiring special attention, even in case of failure it must be able to provide the service for which it was designed or a similar in case of reduced functioning, it must also be able to signal the failure and generate a report of any abnormalities.
• Low cost: a home automation system that is affordable for everyone should have a low cost, defined as cost of devices (sensors, actuators, etc.). And the network interconnection between different functional modules.
technologies also allow for home to get some advantages such as:
• Energy saving: a fully automated system will avoid the costs generated by energy waste due to forgetfulness or to other situations, constantly monitor the consumption and managing priorities power appliances.
• Automate daily activities: a system for home automation should simplify some daily activities, especially repetitive ones, should not in any way complicate them.
All of these features, if not developed individually but together, leading to the creation of an integrated home automation system that can simplify life at home. The intelligent home is not installed because there are intelligent, but because it is equipped with intelligent system is able to easily monitor and manage the operation of the present. Currently, the technological equipment are poorly integrated with each other and the control is still largely manual in the home automation devices are controlled by a single automated system that creates a intelligent control.
Regarding the automation system, there are basically two types, one based on a central processing unit that can handle all the activations from the results of a survey and a distributed structure where the interactions occur locally so distributed and possibly sent to a central control for a general consistency in general such systems are more reliable than the former.
user interface (man-machine interface) must, under all the foregoing considerations, to be consistent (not to create conflicts between the commands), be easy to use (think of the children or the elderly) and be nice ( the difficulties of interacting with the system should not be a barrier to its use).
The ultimate goal of a home automation system is in total control of all services and the ability to create new business complex, possible only if several simple systems are connected and controlled in an intelligent way.
areas of automation possible in a home are: • Management of
(microclimate and energy requirements)
• Management of equipment
• Communication and Information Security
• Each area is in turn divided into sub-areas specific to the sector. • Managing the
:
or air conditioning (control temperature, velocity and relative humidity);
or water heating;
or lighting, emergency lighting and emergency power supply;
or distribution of electricity and load management;
or garden irrigation;
or management of the swimming pool or
-opening drive and input;
or management of pre-programmed scenarios.
The control environment is automated thanks to a system of sensors and actuators, this allows temperature control of individual living spaces in the light of environmental changes with the addition of a constant review of energy consumption, management of time and temperature levels is oriented towards the desired comfort compared to the maximum energy savings. The same standards of quality and savings apply to the system for domestic hot water generation, be it a boiler, a boiler or solar panels.
The system shall supervise the operation of heavier loads (furnace, water heater, washing machine, etc..) Manages the detachable to prevent current overload and consequent unnecessary black-outs due to release limiter switch located on the supply line of ' electricity. It also manages the emergency power via uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for equipment that should not go out in case of power failure electricity, the same system that ultimately controls the emergency lights come on stream regularly.
The irrigation system, if you have a garden or terrace, allows you to program times and hours of operation, taking into account the meteorological factors. If the house has a swimming pool the home automation system allows you to automate the functions according to the customs or the wishes of the users (eg water temperature, opening any covers, etc.)..
In the lighting field, the need is most felt that the quality of light itself, the key is made up of what once was the simple manual switch that was replaced dall'interruttore electronic that assumes the role of sensor or actuator Local One.
Also in this subset of environmental management include controls for opening and closing blinds or curtains and those of any automatic doors. There is also the possibility to create scenarios tailored to the differing needs and can then activate a series of transactions intended simply choosing to activate it through a single command.
• Management of household appliances: washing machine and dryer or
or dishwashers or refrigerators, freezers and ovens
or kitchens or sanitary equipment, sauna, whirlpool
The field of so-called white goods is in most developments, thanks to the massive introduction of electronic components that enable it to improve performance, functionality, reliability and enable the remote management and remote diagnostics maintenance for each unit.
• Communication and information:
or analog phone or VOIP
or answering machine or fax or telephone or videophone
or internal communications (telephone or intercom)
Internet access or broadband (DSL, optical fiber, etc.).
or data transmission for remote control via SMS or
information and entertainment systems with audio-video (TV, radio, dvd player, cd player, mp3 player, receiver satellite TV, pay TV, etc.).
In a home automation system and then integrated within the management of incoming and outgoing communications from the house. Phone calls or telephones, internal or external, are automatically, and not indiscriminately, directed at the right devices.
A gateway provides a permanent connection and broadband Internet access to allow home automation equipment or computer housing, for data transmission and remote control.
A system for managing audio-video sources, allowing their distribution between the home environments based on user requests.
• Security: access management or
anti-theft protection, burglar alarm, robbery,
perimeter or fire protection, flood, smoke or gas leaks or
CCTV remote and local environmental or social alarms and telecare
of single people, elderly, disabled or sick
In the latter category includes capabilities that are particularly requested. The security consists of security, ie security against unauthorized intrusion or robbery, and safety, or security of the global home against gas leaks, fires, floods or other damaging events.
In case of alarm, the home automation system, as well as take appropriate actions with local reporting and intervention, through liaison with transmission equipment (telephone, GSM, radio, Internet) provides for remote indication of the incident and to request the intervention of firefighters, police, etc.. If present
of CCTV cameras or video can be viewed on special monitors or regular TVs the images taken at different points in the home and garden. The video footage will be available remotely via the Internet to authorized persons, or, in case of an alarm will be sent automatically, such as images or email addresses, such as MMS, mobile phone numbers to set.
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